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Generic name: Nitrofurantoin
Brand name: Macrodantin, Furantoina , Macrobid
Why is Furantoina prescribed ?

Furantoina, an antibacterial drug, is prescribed for the
treatment of urinary tract infections caused by certain strains
of bacteria.
Most important fact about Furantoina
Breathing disorders have occurred in people taking Furantoina.
Furantoina can cause inflammation of the lungs marked by coughing,
difficulty breathing, and wheezing. It has also been known
to cause pulmonary fibrosis (an abnormal increase in fibrous
tissue of the lungs). This condition can develop gradually
without symptoms and can be fatal. An allergic reaction to
Furantoina is also possible and may occur without warning.
Symptoms include a feeling of ill health and a persistent
cough. However, all these reactions occur rarely and generally
in those receiving Furantoina therapy for 6 months or longer.
Sudden and severe lung reactions are characterized by fever,
chills, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. These
acute reactions usually occur within the first week of treatment
and subside when therapy with Furantoina is stopped.
Your doctor should monitor your condition closely, especially
if you are receiving long-term treatment with Furantoina.
How should you take Furantoina?
To improve absorption of the drug, Furantoina should be taken
with food.
Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Take the full
amount prescribed, even if you are feeling better.
Furantoina works best if your urine is acidic. Ask your doctor
whether you should be taking special measures to assure its
acidity.
Furantoina may turn the urine brown.
If you miss a dose of Furantoina
Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember, then space
out the rest of the day's doses at equal intervals.
Storage instructions for Furantoina
Store at room temperature. Protect from light and keep the
container tightly closed.
What side effects may occur when taking Furantoina ?
Side effects of Furantoina cannot be anticipated. If any
develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon
as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe
for you to continue taking Furantoina.
More common side effects of taking Furantoina may include:
Lack or loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
Less common or rare side effects of taking Furantoina may
include:
Abdominal pain/discomfort, blue skin, chills, confusion,
cough, chest pain, depression, diarrhea, difficulty breathing,
dizziness, drowsiness, exaggerated sense of well-being, eye
disorder, fever, hair loss, headache, hepatitis, hives, inflammation
of the nerves causing symptoms of numbness, tingling, pain,
or muscle weakness, intestinal inflammation, involuntary eye
movement, irregular heartbeat, itching, itchy red skin patches,
joint pain, muscle pain, peeling skin, psychotic reactions,
rash, severe allergic reactions, skin inflammation with flaking,
skin swelling or welts, vertigo, yellowing of the skin and
whites of the eyes, weakness. Why should Furantoina not be
prescribed ?
If you are sensitive to or have ever had an allergic reaction
to nitrofurantoin or other drugs of this type, such as Furoxone,
you should not take Furantoina. Make sure that your doctor
is aware of any drug reactions that you have experienced.
Unless you are directed to do so by your doctor, do not take
Furantoina if you have poor kidneys, producing little or no
urine.
Furantoina should not be taken at term of pregnancy or during
labor and delivery; it should not be given to infants under
1 month of age.
Special warnings about Furantoina
Tell your doctor if you have any unusual symptoms while you
are taking Furantoina.
Fatalities have been reported from hepatitis (liver disease)
during treatment with nitrofurantoin. Long-lasting, active
hepatitis can develop without symptoms; therefore, if you
are receiving long-term treatment with this drug, your doctor
should test your liver function periodically.
Fatalities from peripheral neuropathy,a disease of the nerves,have
also been reported in people taking Furantoina. Conditions
such as a kidney disorder, anemia, diabetes mellitus, a debilitating
disease, or a vitamin B deficiency make peripheral neuropathy
more likely. If you develop symptoms such as muscle weakness
or lack of sensation, check with your doctor immediately.
If you experience diarrhea, tell your doctor. It may be a
sign of serious intestinal inflammation.
Hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells) has occurred
in people taking Furantoina.
Continued or prolonged use of Furantoina may result in growth
of bacteria that do not respond to it. This can cause a renewed
infection, so it is important that your doctor monitor your
condition on a regular basis.
Possible food and drug interactions when taking Furantoina
If Furantoina is taken with certain other drugs, the effects
of either could be increased, decreased, or altered.
It is especially important to check with your doctor before
combining Furantoina with the following:
Magnesium trisilicate (Gaviscon Antacid Tablets)
The gout drugs probenecid and sulfinpyrazone and other drugs
that increase the amount of uric acid in the urine
Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
The safety of Furantoina during pregnancy and breastfeeding
has not been established. Furantoina does appear in human
breast milk. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding or you plan
to become pregnant or breastfeed, inform your doctor immediately.
Recommended dosages for Furantoina
Treatment with Furantoina should be continued for 1 week
or for at least 3 days after obtaining a urine specimen free
of infection. If your infection has not cleared up, your doctor
should re-evaluate your case.
ADULTS
The recommended dosage of Furantoina is 50 to 100 milligrams
taken 4 times a day. For long-term treatment, your doctor
may reduce your dosage to 50 to 100 milligrams taken at bedtime.
CHILDREN
Furantoina should not be prescribed for children under 1
month of age.
The recommended daily dosage of Furantoina for infants and
children over 1 month of age is 5 to 7 milligrams per 2.2
pounds of body weight, divided into 4 doses over 24 hours.
For the long-term treatment of children, the doctor may prescribe
daily doses as low as 1 milligram per 2.2 pounds of body weight
taken in 1 or 2 doses per day.
The dosage of Furantoina for children over 12 years of age
is one 100 milligram capsule every 12 hours for 7 days. Safety
and effectiveness have not been established for children under
12.
OLDER ADULTS
Doctors tend to prescribe lower doses of Furantoina for older
adults. Furantoina is more likely to cause lung and liver
problems in members of this group; and because more older
adults have poor kidneys, the risk of toxic reactions to Furantoina
is also greater.
Overdosage of Furantoina
An overdose of Furantoina does not cause any specific symptoms
other than vomiting. If vomiting does not occur soon after
an excessive dose, it should be induced.
If you suspect an overdose of Furantoina, seek emergency
medical treatment immediately.
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